Method of packaging and means for making mixed paints



F. F. BRADLEY. METHOD OF PACKAGING AND MEANS FOR MAKING MIXED PAINTS.

APPLICATIDN FILED JUNE 26, I920.

Patented Nov. 23, 1920.

Zlwuentoi UNITED ISITA'IINES PA rENT OFFICE.

FRANKLIN F. BRADLEY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

METHOD OF PACKAGING AND MEANS FOR MAKING MIXED PAINTS.

Specification of Letterskatent- Patented Nov. 23, 1920.

Application filed June 26, 1920. Serial No. 392,063.

To all whomv't may ammo/w:

Be it known that I, FRANKLIN l BRAD- LEY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Methods of Packaging and Means for Making Mlxed Iaints, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the method oi packaging and means for making or compounding mixed paints, andresides in so packaging mixed paints that they may be merchandizable by dealers without modifi cation, in the original packages containing the same, the paints, however, being. contained in these packages in such accurately proportioned and related quantities, so distributed in filled and partially filled cans, that the dealers may produce various colors and shades and packaged quantities of paint, by discharging cans of paint into larger cans partially filled with base paint forming the necessary complement 1n quantity and kind, each larger can being sufiiciently empty to receive all of the paint from a smaller can to insure accuracy in the pro portioning of the paintingredients finally contained in the larger can in which the new paint is completely formed and disposed of to the consumer.

In practising my invention 1 procure in segregated lots equal portions of a basic mixed paint, such portions being multiples oil a unit of quantity. I also procure in said units of quantity, base modifying mixed paints in a series of shades or colors or both so arranged that each of the series, when mixed with a segregated lot of said basic paint, will produce a product uniform with a predetermined one of the other paints oi the additive series.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows in conventional diagram a series of large containers, each containing a predetermined quantity of base paint.

Fig. 2 shows a series of smaller containers containing additive paint in different shades, and v i Fig. 3 is the same for paint of another color.

In the drawing, 1 represents a container filled three-fourths full of whitepaint base while 2 represents a receptacle having yellow base and 3 represents one of the same containers made full by adding to the paint III one of the containers 1, the paint from the receptacle 5 which is-filled with (in this case pink) coloring paint. The contents of this can when added to the contents of can 1 produces a composite result of the shades indicated and this shade in turn is the same as the shade 5". If the contents of 5 be added to l the result wouldhave the shade and color of 5" and this in turn would produce 5 I have shown five shades.

In Fig. 3 I show a series of green shades (5, 6, 6 6, 6 arranged likewise to cooperate with the white.

It is possible also to use additional base as 2, shown here as yellow, thus building up other series of colors or shades which, however, are not matched to the paints of that additive series.

In a specific embodiment of my invention I produce a base for intermixture with prepared mixed paints of different shades of the same color or of different colors and partially fill portable cans with substantially equal portions of this base. I also produce a plurality of mixed paints so predetermined in shade and color as to match the mixed paints finally to be produced and when sub-divided into substantially equal quantities are receivable in partially filled cans of base paint and will each produce. with the base in a base can, a final mixed paint of a shade difi erent from that of the employed initially mixed paint. Substantially equal subdivided quantities of these initially produced mixed paints are stored in packages which may themselves be sold by the dealers, or the contents of which may be transferred to the partially filled base cans to produce mixed paints of other shades, as stated. These additive mixed paints are so graduated in shade or color or both as to match the last one of the completed line of mixed paints. In accordance with this plan, the initially produced mixed paints are preferably so graduated in shade or color or both that each, when added to the base in a base receptacle will produce a final mixed paint of the shade or color of the initially mixed paint next to that of the employed mixed paint. In accordance with this preferred embodiment of my invention, a store keeper may carry a complete line of initially produced graduated mixed paints. These initially produced paints may be supplied to the consumer in their own cans, or the contents of these cans may be introduced into base cans with the definite assurance that paints of like shades and color to those carried in stock (except the last) will be produced, but in larger packaged quantities. In practice it would be customary to supply quart portions of the initially produced mixed paints in quart cans and three quart portions of the base in gallon 'cans into one of which a quart of initially produced mixed paint may be supplied from a can thereof that is next the gallon of mixed paint to be produced by this mixture, this gallon of mixed paint being, by means of my process, of the r shade of a quart can of initially produced mixed paint. The dealer is thus enabled to mix and supply a gallon of mixed paint of the desired shade and color in a single gallon can. I

Adealer may carry one base paint 111 gallon cans three-quarters full and say eight series ol base modifying paints with live shades or colors in each series in quart quantities. As an example. the base paint might be white and the eight series of base modifying paints might consist of blue. green. gray. yellow, tan, brown, pink or red and stone color, each in live dill'erent depths of shade. With such a stock the dealer could furnish his customer with any one of forty shades or colors in quart cans and any one of forty shades or colors in gallon cans. Thirty-two of the forty shades or colors in quarts would be identical with those of the gallons. Eight of the shades or colors in quarts would be deeper in shade than the deepest ot' the gailons and ei ht of the shades or colors in gallons would be lighter in shade than the lightest of the quarts. This is as it should be because the trimming shades or colors of a building are sold most lar ely in the smaller size and the darkest sha es or colors are used for trimming purposes. The lighter shades or colors are used most largely for painting the body of a building and are more especially required in the large size packages.

If instead of carrying only one base paint the dealer carries in gallon cans three-quarters full another base of some color such as yellow which could well be the same as the darkest of his series of shades of yellow in the base modifying paints. and it' he mixed with packages of this yellow base, quarts of the forty colors or shades of base modifying paints he would have doubled or produced eighty shades or colors in gallon cans.

In the practice of my invention it is desirable it not necessary that my base mixed paint and my series of additive mixed paints be prepared of materials. both pigments and vehicles. which Will behave well chemically and physically with each other. The colors and oils must be mixed and ground from such materials that the resultant product will be unaifected by any untoward precipi- -tate or change of color.

lhe base paints and the additive base modifying paints are complete and useful mixed paints in themselves, and have strengths. colors. viscosities and freedom from chemical or physical properties that might cause any harmful results from their admixture: they are capable of uniting to form complete and useful mixed paints of their predetermined color and shade.

It will be noted that my invention is dependent primarily upon successfully match- ;ng colors at the factory and takes away from the retailer and the consumer all elusive perplexlties attendant upon this most lillicult thing. it should be noted that the mart cans. to use the illustration above, are arcn lillcd with exactly one quart of paint, iot merely with a quart of oil to which some \vclght and bulk of pigment is added. The quart of paint thus had. must. when idded to three quarts of base. make l'our lllillllb of paint having exactly the shade alld color of the next can of the series. Since my given quart of the mixed gallon carries )nly one-fourth the tinting reaction of the iriginai quart used. the next quart (below) must have only one-fourth that of the original Quart. llow to get this is by no means in easy problem. as the color producing agents must be so proportioned to the oil :hat they together make just one quart. It is not necessary to declare here how this is done. since all the varying and shifting factors. the age and character of the oil, the brightness and depth of the pigmcnts color, its purity, and other factors as well, must be reckoned with and the final determinant is in many cases a subiective one.

.lmong the advanta es of my invention are those of gain to tie retailer and purchaser in case or operation, the sufficiency of small stocks. low investment on the part or the dealers with widened held of selection for their customers and means for freshly mixing paint not long before final sale. The average age of a can of paint in the hands of a dealer employing my process :s but a fraction of that hitherto obtaining in ready prepared paints. This is true because the dealer needs to buy but a little oalnt at a time. his reorders and turnover of stock being frequent alld his stock thus kept fresh and therefore better.

The series of additive paints must have, relative to the base. tinting strengths exa a pressed by the symbols a, etc., where a ill) cans each holding three quarts of paint of the same uniform color and, a number of quart cans each full. of paint of the same color but shaded in series one can to each shade, the shades being so arranged in the series that when the paint of one of the quart series is mixed with the paint of a gallon can, four quarts of a paint having the shade of the next oi? the series is produced, whereby there will be in all five quarts of .one shade.

2. Means for producing mixed paints including a base parceled in gallon cans, three quarts am can; and, parceled in quart quantities for admission to the gallon cans, a plurality of additive mixed paints constituting a series graduated in shades from that of the aforesaid base and having, with reference to its relative tinting strengths ina a a (heated (1,, 21: I

3. Means for producing mixed paints, said means including a base of uniform character parceled into uniform multiples of a 1 etc unit quantity and, parceled into said unit quant1ties,a plurality of additive mixed paints constituting a series graduated from that of the aforesaid base and having, with reference to it, relative coloring values so arranged that each when added to a parceled quantity of the base,-wil1 produce a product uniform with one of the other paints of the series.

4. That method of packaging mixed paints which consists in packaging in uniform quantities which are multiples of a unit quantity, a basic mixed paint, and packaging in units of said unit quantity, base modlfying mixed paints in a series so arranged that each when mixed with a package of the basic paint, will produce in a multiple of the unit quantity, a mixed paint exactly matching another mixed paint of the series, at a predetermined distance in the series from the first added paint.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set m hand.

y FRANKLIN F. BRADLEY. 

